Decision Making in an Addicted Brain Essay Example for Free

Decision Making in an Addicted Brain Essay Decision making is a mental process of selecting a course of action. We exercise this right to free will on a very regular basis. We often think this right comes easily to us, however in individuals with neurological addictions decision making can be a difficult process. With individuals who are addicted to a substance or habit decision making is abnormal (Fecteau, 2010). When an addict partakes in the substance they are addicted to there is often a rush or feeling of relief. If an addict is attempting to quit using a substance, they often attempt to obtain a similar feeling of satisfaction. Typically recovering addicts turn to risky decision making due to the fact that when one makes a risky choice the two experiences share similar behavioral sensations (Fecteau, 2010). Understanding how addicts make decisions based on their addiction is crucial in planning treatment options in order to suppress drug cravings in substance abusing patients. Through certain testing, scientists have discovered that specific, noninvasive brain stimulation can aid in the suppressing of drug cravings in addicts. The inference was made that if we can stimulate a portion of the brain that controls decision making in the average human, we can aid in the suppression of cravings. This portion of the brain is called the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Fecteau, 2010). It is located in the frontal cortex of the brain which controls other things such as mannerisms, social and sexual behavior, as well as decision making. With this technique of addiction suppression, there are many things to take into consideration. These things could be possible implications with the therapy, moral values as to whether testing this method on humans is humane, as well as whether or not there could be possible health risks in the future. This method of addiction suppression is an interesting one that could potentially make shaking an addiction much less difficult if the risks turn out to be minimal. References Fecteau, S., Fregni, F., Boggio, P. S., Camprodon, J. A., Pascual-Leone, A. (2010). Neuromodulation of Decision-Making in the Addictive Brain. Substance Use Misuse, 45(11), 1766-1786.

Our Young Folks - An Ethical Guide for Children :: Our Young Folks

Our Young Folks - An Ethical Guide for Children Our Young Folks was a children’s magazine that ran from 1865 until 1873. Although the magazine didn’t last long, it was widely read by children across the country and even abroad, and circulation eventually exceeded 75,000 (Kelly 345). The magazine began publication just four months before the end of the Civil War, and during this time of upheaval Our Young Folks was an ethical guide for the nation’s children. Nearly every story offers the reader a moral, and children were continually urged to put others before themselves. Selfless Models One of the ways Our Young Folks gave its readers moral instructions was by setting examples. The magazine was packed with stories of selfless children who lived and died for others. Such characters were held up as models for how the young readers of the magazine should behave. One of these selfless stories is â€Å"My Heroine,† which is a poem about a young girl who dies while protecting her baby. Stanzas six and seven clearly outline the child’s heroism: Her mother gave the piteous tale: â€Å"How that child’s courage did not fail, Or else poor baby-† She stopped, pale, And shed tears without number; Then told how at the fireside warm, Lizzie, with baby on her arm, Slipped- threw him from her- safe from harm, Then fell- here in her slumber.    Lizzie shrieked, â€Å"Take him!† and uptossed Her poor burnt hands, and seemed half lost, Until a smile her features crossed, As sweet as angels’ may be. â€Å"Yes, ma’am,† she said, in feeble tone, Our Young Folks - An Ethical Guide for Children :: Our Young Folks Our Young Folks - An Ethical Guide for Children Our Young Folks was a children’s magazine that ran from 1865 until 1873. Although the magazine didn’t last long, it was widely read by children across the country and even abroad, and circulation eventually exceeded 75,000 (Kelly 345). The magazine began publication just four months before the end of the Civil War, and during this time of upheaval Our Young Folks was an ethical guide for the nation’s children. Nearly every story offers the reader a moral, and children were continually urged to put others before themselves. Selfless Models One of the ways Our Young Folks gave its readers moral instructions was by setting examples. The magazine was packed with stories of selfless children who lived and died for others. Such characters were held up as models for how the young readers of the magazine should behave. One of these selfless stories is â€Å"My Heroine,† which is a poem about a young girl who dies while protecting her baby. Stanzas six and seven clearly outline the child’s heroism: Her mother gave the piteous tale: â€Å"How that child’s courage did not fail, Or else poor baby-† She stopped, pale, And shed tears without number; Then told how at the fireside warm, Lizzie, with baby on her arm, Slipped- threw him from her- safe from harm, Then fell- here in her slumber.    Lizzie shrieked, â€Å"Take him!† and uptossed Her poor burnt hands, and seemed half lost, Until a smile her features crossed, As sweet as angels’ may be. â€Å"Yes, ma’am,† she said, in feeble tone,

Police Crisis Management

ABSTRACTThis paper is primarily directed towards a discussion of Police Crisis Management. This topic is necessary and beneficial to the police system in dealing with their operations. Crisis Management refers to a system of approach in solving various problems that may come in different situations. Its major function is to prepare a body, group or institution of the possibilities of disaster, calamities and emergencies. Finally, this paper tackles about the significant features of Police Crisis Management which include the stage of planning, negotiation, and the development of the crisis management.This paper is divided into three parts. The first part is the introduction wherein the concept of crisis management is described and defined. The second part elucidates on the definition and characterization of Police Crisis Management. The third part is composed of the important aspects and facets of Police Crisis Management. The last part presents the conclusion of the paper.Introductio nCrisis Management is a mechanism used in dealing with impending crises. Its principal focus is on the planning stage in which an organized practical method is formulated in order to prevent the occurrence of particular crises. It primary goal is to thwart the incidence of disorder in a specific field rather than facing the problem in an extemporized immediate approach.Crisis Management entails the detection of the crisis itself, the stage of making plans in reaction to the crisis which include proper way of dealing and resolving the problem. It is most likely used in the field of political science, international relations, business and management.The principal precepts of Crisis Management are gathering of the most pertinent information regarding the crises instead of concealing it; treating the crisis as quick as possible for prolonging its existence might also increase the risks it poses; and the coordination and involvement of the persons who are responsible for the execution of the crisis management system.Having the above key principles, the theory of crisis management can be carved up into three main phases, namely: crisis negotiation, crisis control, and crisis dynamics.Police Crisis ManagementPolice Crisis Management pertains to a systematic method of treating crisis or problems that are primarily directed towards police operations. This method aims to check the occasion of hitches and predicaments in the field of police system. Moreover, its task is not only in the detection of potential problems but also in addressing these problems systematically and accordingly.In its objective to put superior countermeasures over the imminent crises in the field of the police system, planning and execution take a very important role in administering the crisis management. With this regard, standard operating procedures should be observed by the police system in order to manage the crises responsibly and conscientiously.Important Aspects of Police Crisis Managemen tAs stated earlier, necessary stages of crisis management should involve planning on what to do, how to do, what are needed in dealing with a specific crisis. Such plays a very important role for it is the stage wherein the crisis management starts. It includes the identification of the existing crisis, the reasons or the causes of its occurrence, the affected aspects and the approximated period of its occurrence if not addressed immediately. Also, it consists of the formulation effective techniques or strategies that can successfully terminate the prevailing crisis.Another important aspect of police crisis management is the gathering of the most important and most relevant information regarding the crisis which is primarily focused on the knowledge, skills and attitude that the police system should possess in order to execute the planned strategy in managing a particular crisis. For example, in the case of hostage-drama scenario, the police system does not instantly go to the place wherein there is a hostage situation. The police system has this standard operating procedure in which prior to its implementation, a plan of action should be first discussed by the police themselves initiated by the superior police. In such meeting, the policemen are reminded of the dos and don’ts in dealing with that particular situation.They are also reminded of the consequences and possible threats that they might encounter while executing their task of controlling the situation. Lastly, as advocates of justice, police system does not permit abuse of power. In which in the case of the given hostage-crisis, the policemen are not instructed to gunshot the hostage-taker at once. Negotiation is the initial mechanism use by the police system in handling such situations. However, in worst cases like the hostages are really being by the hostage-taker, the policemen are initiated to do all that they can do to stop the hostage-taker from hurting the hostages –which allows them to fire on the hostage-taker (such also applies to other instances such as by-bust operations, face-to-face encounter with law-offenders, etc.)In addition, excellent coordination with the whole police system is necessary in the police crisis management. It is noteworthy that the police system is well coordinated from top to bottom and vice versa. The planning stage should be composed of commands and instructions from the top superiors, and the discussed-strategy that is done during the emergency meeting of the police. Having this need of coordination means also that outstanding communication among the law-enforcers should be maintained during the crisis management.Time-delay should be avoided. There should be no action from the police system that might interrupt the operation. As cited earlier, quick reactive response should be the attitude of the police all throughout the crisis management. Prolongation of such incidents might severe the tension and the situation causing more difficulty in controlling the circumstances.  Finally, instances of previous cases of crisis management should be recorded and examined so as to aid the police for formulating new set of crisis management approach. It is also important that the government should support and help the police in upholding this crisis management-thing. There should be a rule or law that should ensure the police that whatever happens during their attempt to actualize such crisis management, there is a law that would justify their acts and procedures.ConclusionTo conclude, Police Crisis Management is a very important mechanism established and utilized by the police system in facing calamities and disasters in their field of work. Such mechanism is said to be necessary for it prepares them for the potential crisis that they may experience with regards to their field of work.The roles and the functions of the implementer of such police crisis management is also important for it serves as an assurance that a particular crisis is really being taken in hand by the police. Also, knowledge, skills and attitude should also be motivated with regards to the nature of the adversity.The abovementioned important aspects in the Police Crisis Management are just few among the essential factors that are employed in the police crisis management. By following and observing these factors, a well-strategize and more premeditated crisis management can be established by the police in doing their task as law-enforcers.Reference:Davidson, T. N. (2002). To Preserve Life: Hostage-Crisis Management CimacomFink, S. (2000). Crisis Management: Planning for the Inevitable (Revised ed.): Backinprint.com.Miller, L. (2006). Practical Police Psychology: Stress Management And Crisis Intervention for Law Enforcement Charles C. Thomas PublisherNadu, T. (2006). Police evolve crisis management plan [Electronic Version]. The Hindu:Online edition of India's National Newspaper. Retrieved May 28 2007.

Health Care - 798 Words

Universal Health Care Tamesha Mallard Comm/215 10-01-12 Jennifer Benoist Do you have health insurance? There are millions of people in the United States that would say no. The people that do not have health insurance are not just the homeless or unemployed, but they are the working class too. That means it could be you, your neighbor or even your co-worker that is uninsured. â€Å"Nearly 44 million Americans — about 15 percent of the U.S. population — have no health coverage, including 8.5 million children. And eight out of 10 uninsured Americans are in working families (Leydig)†. All citizens of the United States should have health care insurance, because multiple countries have universal healthcare, it will help detect life†¦show more content†¦The lack of health insurance is one of the main reasons why there are so many deaths. If people had health insurance they are more likely to get check-ups and have preventive testing done on a regular. Preventive testing will not decrease the chances of having cancer however, it will help detect the cancer in the early stages, and increase the chances of survival. Lastly, just a few months ago I received a MRI, and with insurance the bill was around two hundred dollars. For someone without health insurance the bill would have been over fourteen hundred dollars. Most people have a difficult time paying their medical bills with the assistance of health insurance, but those that do not have insurance, it’s almost impossible. Based on a person’s health, medical bills are impossible to avoid, and not having health insurance can cause medical bills to go into millions of dollars. Having these types of bills can cause extreme financial hardships that tend to have a ripple effect and affect all aspects of one’s life. The cost of medical bills can cause a person to file bankruptcy, go into a deep depression, or even become homeless.Show MoreRelatedThe Health Of Health Care983 Words   |  4 PagesHealth care has evolved throughout the years. The factors that have made health care evolve are the costs of health insurance, resear ch on the advancement of medicine and diseases, technology, etc. Regardless of the factors, health and medicine have acknowledged and treated illnesses that society at one point may have thought cureless. But what is better than treating a disease or any kind of harm, physically and psychologically? Preventing it. Preventive care is like the guardian angel on people’sRead MoreHealth Care1371 Words   |  6 Pagesthese are the types of grievances in which health care officials are faced with. During most presidential elections, most nominees propose plans for health care. Health care has become more prevalent in our mainstream media. 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