Language And Communication Children And Young People Essay Example

Language And Communication Children And Young People Essay The cardinal involvement of this essay is to measure the function of drama in relation to linguistic communication and communicating development. Developmental psychological science and theories of drama are the chief beginnings of researching and explicating this alone interrelatedness, because they offer critical information about human behaviour. For this ground several developmental theories have been developed by many scientists such as Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Sigmunt Freud, Albert Bandura and other modern-day scientists, who managed to clear up the facets of kid development from different positions. Initially, this essay illustrates the importance of drama by depicting its classs. Play theories are briefly demonstrated and divided into classical and modern-day 1s. Thereafter, it mentions the features of linguistic communication through the theories of two extremely well-thought-of scientists, Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget, in order to understand the correlativity between linguistic communication and drama development. It besides illustrates the being of nine basic communicating accomplishments and why non-verbal and verbal communicating is so of import. Furthermore, this essay analyzes research which explains the direct relation between drama, linguistic communication and communicating. Through elaborate mentions, the thought that the function of drama is outstanding in a kid s development is supported. Next it illustrates the importance of finger, mummer and rime drama to explicate that even the most common games possess a important function in linguistic communication and commu nicating development. Last but non least, it analyzes how play reinforces the literacy development and eventually demonstrates the sentiment of the author. We will write a custom essay sample on Language And Communication Children And Young People specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Language And Communication Children And Young People specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Language And Communication Children And Young People specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Importance of Play Arguably, drama is a critical portion of kids s development which has many deductions in their lives. Despite the trouble of mentioning to a normally accepted definition, drama is a critical portion of the developing kid ( Sheridan A ; Howard A ; Aldelson, 2011 ) . It is a cardinal action which occurs throughout kids s lives and is divided into two classs, free drama and structured drama. To be exact, free drama is an action where the kid can take the regulations and the signifier of drama, without the engagement and the battle of an grownup. Hence, the kid becomes the leader of drama ( Tassoni A ; Hucker, 2000 ) . Furthermore, many research workers have claimed that free drama offers more educational chances to kids. Whereas structured drama is defined as an action which is directed by grownups and limits kids s acquisition potencies. Adults are supporters and possess a primary function in this type of drama. For this ground, Thomas, Howard and Miles proved by a survey they conducted, that free drama, in other words playful mode drama, is capable of furthering kids s ability to larn. They province that through this manner kids s communicating is benefited, because gaiety creates the ability to heighten assorted types of behaviours. As a consequence, educational scenes use the playful method to further kids s linguistic communication and communicating development ( McInnes A ; Howard A ; Miles A ; Crowley, 2009 ) . It is of importance to advert that there are drama theories which are separated into two classs, classical and modern theories of drama. In peculiar, classical theories consist of the Surplus Energy Theory, Recreational or Relaxation Theory, Pre-exercise Theory and the Recapitulation Theory of drama ( Sheridan A ; Howard A ; Aldelson, 2011 A ; Stagnitti, 2004 A ; Tassoni A ; Hucker, 2000 ) . Modern theories concluded by the Arousal Modulation Theories of Play, the Psychodynamic Theories of Play, the Cognitive Developmental Theories of Play and the Sociocultural theories of Play. The last class is divided into two sub-categories which are the Play as Socialization and the Metacommunicative Theory ( Stagnitti, 2004 ) . Furthermore, there are five types of drama, which are cited as physical drama, drama with objects, symbolic drama, socio-dramatic/pretence drama and games with regulations ( Whitebread, 2012 ) . The above five types of drama aid kids to spread out their abilities non merely in the linguistic communication and communicating sphere, but besides in the physical, cognitive, societal and emotional sphere ( Sheridan A ; Howard A ; Aldelson, 2011 ) . Harmonizing to the changeless development of linguistic communication and communicating, drama and its benefits in this sphere must be analyzed in deepness, in order to measure kids s developmental potencies through drama. Language and Communication Language is a strong communicating tool ( Moyles, 1989 ) which fosters kids s abilities. Through linguistic communication we can populate the yesteryear once more, measure the hereafter and utilize this critical tool when we face complex state of affairss ( Crain, 2000 ) . Besides, many developmental theoreticians have tried to explicate, how kids adopt cardinal abilities as they grow up and some of them, hold given particular accent to the linguistic communication and communicating development and how it is related to play. They have evaluated kids s development from birth to maturity. Vygotsky, who was characterized as the Mozart of Psychology ( Gray A ; MacBlain, 2012, p.85 ) , claimed in his societal constructivism theory, that linguistic communication is the cultural tool which facilitates the procedures of thought and acquisition. It was his house belief that kids must grok linguistic communication, in order to interact in the society. Hence, harmonizing to Vygotsky, drama and linguistic communication are interrelated ( Moyles, 2005 ) . Due to the fact that through drama kids maestro communicating accomplishments, they interpret the usage of objects and copy the attitudes and the wonts of grownups ( Gray A ; MacBlain, 2012 ) . In add-on, he stated that kids gain cognition when they participate in societal communicating and accordingly, they adopt new significances. Therefore, harmonizing to Vygotsky, kids act in the zone of proximal development ( Whitebread, 1996 ) , which means that every kid has limited possible when carry throughing an activity but he ca n spread out his accomplishments with suited aid ( Lindon, 2001 ) . However, another respected scientist Piaget did non put accent, as Vygotsky did, on the importance of linguistic communication during kids s development. Piaget stated that linguistic communication mechanism is used by the immature kid merely to show some basic satisfactions and non to further more complex maps such as idea and logic ( Gray A ; MacBlain, 2012 ) . Furthermore, Piaget s sentiments did non advance kids s abilities ; alternatively he undervalued them, by using activities that were excessively complex for kids competency ( Whitebread, 1996 ) . On the reverse, some scientists argue that kids s idea, starts to work logically as they learn how to utilize linguistic communication. This happens because linguistic communication accomplishments are hard for kids to absorb, but when this bit by bit occurs, logic develops ( Crain, 2000 ) . Nevertheless, Piaget did non back up the above impression by adverting that logic derives from actions ( Gray A ; MacBlain, 2012 ) . On the evidences that linguistic communication is an built-in portion of communicating, it is of import to nail some of the accomplishments that kids develop in this sphere. In other words there are nine basic communicating accomplishments. Initially, kids learn to bespeak support, to bespeak aid, to accept and reject offers. Furthermore, they respond to the order wait or no , they respond to waies, follow a agenda and eventually they are able to do a passage from one topographic point to another ( Frost A ; Bondy, 2002 ) . For case, when kids pretend to be a patient in a infirmary, they learn when they have to wait their bend in order to be examined by the physician and they give orders such as wait , stay , come . Communication is a complex map. Before the outgrowth of words, kids can pass on adequately before following linguistic communication production and linguistic communication comprehension ( Sheridan A ; Sharma A ; Cockerill, 2008 ) . The above facet describes the non-verbal communicating type which is really of import. Newborn babes communicate nonverbally to show their demands. Facial looks, organic structure linguistic communication, proto-sounds and perceptual experience of feelings are the properties of non-verbal communicating ( Whitehead, 1999 ) . Hence, adults start to pass on with kids ab initio nonverbally and finally verbally. Research proves that conversation between kids and grownups which contains a big figure of unfastened inquiries is indispensable because kids have the chance to react to talk linguistic communication. In other words, when kids feel that they are active participants in an adult-child conversation, they feel playful which is salient for the development of linguistic communication ( Howard A ; McInnes, forthcoming ) . Fostering Language and Communication Skills through Play To get down with, surveies have proved that there is a strong connexion between linguistic communication and drama. Research which was conducted in Japan in 1989, showed singular marks that drama and linguistic communication are strongly correlated. Specifically, the four kids who participated in this research were observed 20 times each in a free drama manner, where the grownups had a inactive function. The purpose of the survey was to analyse early linguistic communication development and drama development ( Ogura, 1991 ) . Therefore, six characteristics of linguistic communication were illustrated in order to analyse the findings better. These were the outgrowth of first words, calling words, vocabulary jets, word-chains, nonproductive two word vocalizations and the outgrowth of productive two-word vocalizations ( Ogura, 1991 p.278 ) . Furthermore, this research divided drama into 13 subcategories. The findings showed that kids managed to obtain the ability of calling words becaus e they had been involved in preverbal communicating. Besides, kids began to call objects when the conventional naming act class of drama appeared. Furthermore, words and sounds have a strong relationship with each other. It was proved that kids through the functional relational use drama and the container relational use drama, managed to follow the above of import map and the production of first words every bit good. Furthermore, it was stated that early linguistic communication development is related to subsitutional drama. Besides, this survey illustrated that the environment plays a major function in the development of symbolic drama. As a consequence, linguistic communication is influenced by societal interaction. Furthermore, kids s vocabulary jets appeared in subsitutional drama. Word-chains appeared when make-believe doll drama, subsitutional drama and feign other drama took topographic point during the observations. In add-on, the 5th linguistic communication class appeared with planned drama and combinative symbolic drama. The last linguistic communication class was related to planned drama ( Ogura, 1991 ) . Undoubtedly, this paper shows the alone interrelatedness between linguistic communication development and drama. Research workers evaluated the connexion between symbolic drama with drama stuffs and symbolic drama with drama state of affairs. First, during kids s drama with unstructured drama stuffs, they found that kids who are at the age of three to four could copy the activities of grownups. However, in structured drama kids were able non merely to copy but besides to prosecute somewhat in function drama. At the age of four to five kids s unstructured drama evolved and they started to show inquiries and thoughts with the mediate tool of spoken linguistic communication. On the contrary, in structured drama they used more conversation. This survey showed that in the first type of drama kids at the age of five to six used their organic structure linguistic communication and voice to clear up a state of affairs. Besides, both in structured and unstructured drama, kids preferred to play in groups of their ain gender. We can detect that structured stuffs are better for younger kids because they do non set restrictions on their thoughts while playing. In other words, younger kids need to heighten their expressive thoughts by playing with structured drama stuffs to be adequately prepared for school ( Umek A ; Musek, 2001 ) . At the same clip, symbolic drama related to play state of affairs showed that phonic imitation ( Umek A ; Musek, 2001, p.61 ) is promoted and that at the age of four kids use societal address. Furthermore, they use societal markers, in order to talk like grownups ( Ervin-Tripp, 1973 ) . Subsequently, at the age of five kids use metacommunication in their drama. Metacommunication is really of import because kids can discourse drama. They stop in order to negociate the following measure of the game. Indeed, it promotes duologue among equals. It is really of import because it can be used as scaffolding to kids s linguistic communication development ( Andersen, 2005 ) . Harmonizing to this survey, metacommunication degrees are higher when kids are older. Furthermore, the same survey proposes that it is better and more helpful for kids to play in assorted groups instead than in groups with members of their ain age. Hence, kids can play in the zone of proximal development. Therefore, they foster their linguistic communication and communicating accomplishments. Again, this survey shows us that drama which is dependent on stuffs or state of affairs is correlated with linguistic communication development. Apart from the above surveies there are drama activities which enhance linguistic communication and communicating accomplishments. For case, kids are benefited by mummer because they develop an alternate idea. This occurs by detecting assorted kids showing their ideas. Consequently, they can believe of more complex state of affairss and they are able to show their thoughts with enriched vocabulary. Furthermore, finger drama helps kids with the numeration procedure ( Woodard A ; Milch, 2012 ) . Furthermore, rimes can supply many chances for kids to heighten their linguistic communication accomplishments. Harmonizing to a survey, rime consciousness helps kids to acknowledge phonemes which are really of import for reading accomplishments. The sensitiveness to rime enables kids to group words together with the same spelling characteristics ( Bryant A ; MacLean A ; Bradley A ; Crossland, 1990 ) . Play Fosters Literacy Vygotsky evaluated the function of pretend drama in kids s development and he argued that literacy is enhanced by drama. He describes that kids ab initio act spontaneously when they play, and the procedure of larning happens with their will. On the contrary, when kids go to school they must alter their behaviours to a planned and a structured environment. Vygotsky stated that pretend drama is the of import mediate tool for kids to follow written linguistic communication and to win in school ( Roskos A ; Christie, 2007 ) . Furthermore, pulling is considered to be a necessary drama for kids. Research has shown that kids can spread out their graphic vocabularies and they can stand for their significances, which means that through pulling communicating is enhanced ( Whitebread, 2012 ) . Besides, Vygotsky s research has shown that drawings in early childhood are connected with the ability of authorship and spoken linguistic communication, which means that the significance of kids s drawings is non merely the drawing as a image but the drawing as an expressive tool of their ideas ( Roskos A ; Christie, 2007 ) . In decision, it is deserving adverting, that in kids s drama the repeat and the renaming of drama stuffs fosters the ability of the direct relation between words and the objects they portray. The above map is called metalinguistic consciousness and it has been proved that it is necessary for written linguistic communication ( Roskos A ; Christie, 2007 p.193 ) . Decisions It is clear, hence, that the above essay illustrates the direct correlativity between drama, linguistic communication and communicating. Despite the fact that it has been proved that drama fosters the acquisition procedure, there are still oppositions of this position, who province that formal acquisition schemes are better than playful attacks. However, this essay contradicts the impression of formal larning methods by back uping the theory, that play does heighten linguistic communication and communicating by mentioning equal bibliography to turn out it. Children can make high criterions in the learning procedure of linguistic communication because during drama they are motivated and are non possessed by the feeling of fright ( McInnes et al. , 2009 ) . To sum up, due to the fact that drama has been decreased in school scenes, it is outstanding to guarantee that drama must be in preschool and in the first school old ages of a kid, because a kid is ever above his mean age, above his day-to-day behaviour ; in drama it is as though he were a caput taller than himself ( Roskos A ; Christie, 2007, p.199 ) .

Language Acquisition in Children

Language Acquisition in Children The term language acquisition refers to the development of language in children. By age 6, children have usually mastered most of the basic vocabulary and grammar of their first language. Second language acquisition (also known as second language learning or sequential language acquisition) refers to the process by which a person learns a foreign language- that is, a language other than their mother tongue. Examples and Observations For children, acquiring a language is an effortless achievement that occurs: Without explicit teaching,On the basis of positive evidence (i.e., what they hear),Under varying circumstances, and in a limited amount of time,In identical ways across different languages. ... Children achieve linguistic milestones in parallel fashion, regardless of the specific language they are exposed to. For example, at about 6-8 months, all children start to babble ... that is, to produce repetitive syllables like bababa. At about 10-12 months they speak their first words, and between 20 and 24 months they begin to put words together. It has been shown that children between 2 and 3 years speaking a wide variety of languages use infinitive verbs in main clauses ... or omit sentential subjects ... although the language they are exposed to may not have this option. Across languages young children also over-regularize the past tense or other tenses of irregular verbs. Interestingly, similarities in language acquisition are observed not only across spoken languages, but also between spoken and signed languages. (Marà ­a Teresa Guasti, Language Acquisition: The Growth of Grammar. MIT Press, 2002) Typical Speech Timetable for English-Speaking Child Week 0 - CryingWeek 6 - Cooing (goo-goo)Week 6 - Babbling (ma-ma)Week 8 - Intonation patternsWeek 12: Single wordsWeek 18 - Two-word utterancesYear 2: Word endingsYear 2 ½: NegativesYear 2 ¼: QuestionsYear 5: Complex constructionsYear 10: Mature speech patterns (Jean Aitchison, The Language Web: The Power and Problem of Words. Cambridge University Press, 1997) The Rhythms  of Language At around nine months of age, then, babies start to give their utterances a bit of a beat, reflecting the rhythm of the language theyre learning. The utterances of English babies start to sound like te-tum-te-tum. The utterances of French babies start to sound like rat-a-tat-a-tat. And the utterances of Chinese babies start to sound like sing-song. ... We get the feeling that language is just around the corner.This feeling is reinforced by [an]other feature of language..: intonation. Intonation is the melody or music of language. It refers to the way the voice rises and falls as we speak. (David Crystal, A Little Book of Language. Yale University Press, 2010) Vocabulary Vocabulary and grammar grow hand in hand; as toddlers learn more words, they use them in combination to express more complex ideas. The kinds of objects and relationships that are central to daily life influence the content and complexity of a childs early language. (Barbara M. Newman and Philip R. Newman, Development Through Life: A Psychosocial Approach, 10th ed. Wadsworth, 2009)Humans mop up words like sponges. By the age of five, most English-speaking children can actively use around 3,000 words, and more are added fast, often quite long and complex ones. This total rises to 20,000 around the age of thirteen, and to 50,000 or more by the age of about twenty. (Jean Aitchison, The Language Web: The Power and Problem of Words. Cambridge University Press, 1997) The Lighter Side of Language Acquisition Child: Want other one spoon, Daddy.Father: You mean, you want the other spoon.Child: Yes, I want other one spoon, please, Daddy.Father: Can you say the other spoon?Child: Other ... one ... spoon.Father: Say other.Child: Other.Father: Spoon.Child: Spoon.Father: Other spoon.Child: Other ... spoon. Now give me other one spoon. (Martin Braine, 1971; quoted by George Yule in The Study of Language, 4th ed. Cambridge University Press, 2010)

Partnering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Partnering - Essay Example Another example is provided by Kalundborg Symbiosis of Denmark, which is a public-private alliance that transforms waste materials generated by its member firms to the materials of raw production suitable for use by other companies. Over the time, Kalundborg Symbiosis has developed partnerships with nine companies some of which include Inbicon, Novo Nordisk, Novozymes, Gyproc, DONG Engergy, and RGS 90 (Turiera and Cros, 2013, p. 9). One way in which this partnership yields beneficial outcomes is Gyproc’s use of gypsum waste produced by Kalundborg Symbiosis during flue gas’s desulfuration to manufacture gypsum board to be used in the construction industry. Each of these partnerships has paved way for the development of pioneering services and products and have generated examples of some of the most successful businesses in the modern times. Developing successful business partnerships demands dedication, commitment, and patience on the part of all parties involved.  "Even when two people are a perfect fit, there are going to be times when someone needs to speak up, and say something difficult (in this case, "I dont want to share an office with you")† (Eisner,

The Impact of Social Networking on Academic Performance Essay

The Impact of Social Networking on Academic Performance - Essay Example Conducting a survey of the various literature indicates that social networking positively impacts on students’ academic performance. In a study to ascertain this postulate, Helou, Abrahim, and Oye (8) observe that students use SNSs to communicate with their faculties and other authorities in the institution so as to get directions on relevant academic issues. The researchers also observed that the students use the same platform to communicate to their lecturers and supervisors who guide them on various academic issues. In fact, this improves on their relationship which fosters academic achievement. Furthermore, chatting with fellow students on topics of educational interest positively impacts on their academic performance. Taking a view from students but considering the impact on students, Jabr (94) observes that a majority of institutions have adopted collaborative teams together with scientific structures so as to offer courses through SNSs. Indeed, it has been observed that such web-based learning provides more personal and autonomous learning which are key components for successful learning. Therefore, SNSs present an effective platform for e-learning which promotes learners’ autonomy. Additional benefits that students stand to acquire for active engagement in social networking as noted by Mehmood and Taswir (113) includes improved reading skills due to constant reading associated with SNSs. The third way in which social networking positively impacts on academic performance.... These age brackets indicate students as majority SNSs’ users. Arguments Against Conducting a survey on various literatures indicates that social networking positively impacts on students’ academic performance. In a study to ascertain this postulate, Helou, Abrahim and Oye (8) observe that students use SNSs to communicate with their faculties and other authorities in the institution so as to get directions on relevant academic issues. The researchers also observed that the students use the same platform to communicate to their lecturers and supervisors who guide them on various academic issues. In fact, this improves on their relationship which fosters academic achievement. Furthermore, chatting with fellow students on topics of educational interest positively impacts on their academic performance. Taking a view from students but considering the impact on students, Jabr (94) observes that a majority of institutions have adopted collaborative teams together with scientifi c structures so as to offer courses through SNSs. Indeed, it has been observed that such web-based learning provides more personal and autonomous learning which are key components for successful learning. Therefore, SNSs present an effective platform for e-learning which promotes learners’ autonomy. Additional benefits that students stand to acquire for active engagement in social networking as noted by Mehmood and Taswir (113) includes improved reading skills due to constant reading associated with SNSs. The third way in which social networking positively impacts on academic performance as cited by Mehmood and Taswir (113) is in providing teachers and lecturers with a platform to acquire teaching material and additionally

Personal Development Portfolio Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Development Portfolio - Personal Statement Example Upon knowing these things, I should have to deal and live with the working people, to the extent of doing their tasks to be able to know their lives and how they are coping up with their demands and queries and putting my self into situation for me is somewhat a sort of preparation. With this, I am confident to say that these things honed me to become sensitive with the needs of the people especially, the workforce. The uncertainty before becomes a clear picture of what it is to be with this kind of field. If we are to define Human Resource Management, according to McNamara (1999), it is defined as "The Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding what staffing needs you have and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies" Upon analyzing the definition of HRM, it is evident that tremendous workloads and responsibilities are inclined with regards to this field thus; this should serve as guiding light for me. It is very important to know the definition of the field that you are into in order not to be swayed and to be guided accordingly as to what should I do in this field. I am now aware that variety of activities awaits me in doing tasks related to HRM. Dealing with the workforce doesn't end in recruiting key personnel that are qualified in a certain position but rather a continuous process of maintaining these individuals as well as ensuring their growth while doing tasks that would cater their needs. These things should be present in an HR specialist and these actual occurrences should beef-up my experience so they should not be taken for granted and that I was able to do and analyze while studying this field. The Use of theoretical modules is also important as they serve as references and guide to f urther enhance my knowledge in this kind of field. Personal Development Portfolio 3 While studying the modular approach of the program, my tutor Paul Smith is really a big help for me to understand different approaches to cope up with the demands of the said field. Of course, various exercises in these modules are aids that really enhanced my skill to the fullest. At first, it was quite hard but it becomes easier with every module after the other after determining the importance of Human Resource Management. My development and recruitment skills were also developed though I am engaged in a modular approach, which really helped me in determining the individuals who are capable for the job as well as how to maintain these people. Upon

Role of an Effective Manager

Role of an Effective Manager Introduction In this assessment I discuss the critical analysis role of an effective manager, Kotter model, un model, interviews, interview relation with un model, our self-compare with un model, comparison of interviews and conclusion. Critical analysis role of an effective manager Managers play a number of roles in evolving organizations, including leader, negotiator, figurehead, liaison, and communicator. An administrator should be a decent pioneer. While an administrator sorts out and arranges, s/he should likewise move representatives with a dream for the association. An administrator should be a compelling mediator. At the point when associations are creating or experiencing change, the supervisor is regularly required to consult with contenders, temporary workers, providers, and representatives. A director must be a decent unknown who strengthens the mission and vision of an association to representatives, clients, and different partners. A supervisor should be a viable communicator and contact between workers, clients, and different directors of the association. Managers have an indispensable influence in an associations development and advancement. Authoritative development is a mind boggling process, especially in bigger associations with more dormancy. Associations are basically an assemblage of moving parts: persuading every person, with her/his one of a kind gifts and inspiration, to alter course at the same time (and in a similar heading) is to a great degree testing, and requires exceptionally successful supervisors with profoundly created relational abilities. Supervisors must accomplish more than acknowledge transform: they should encourage the transformative procedure. In these circumstances, associations require an administrator who can satisfy a few parts, including pioneer, arbitrator, nonentity, and communicator. In each of these parts, administrator will probably help workers through the change with the slightest conceivable number of contentions and issues. Kotters Change model There is much speculation about how do change. Many start with the teacher authority and administration change, John Kotter. An educator at Harvard Business School and widely acclaimed master of modification, change Kotter presents his eight stages in preparing his 1995 book, Driving change. We take a look at its eight stages to drive change below. Step 1: Create Urgency Step 2: Form a Powerful Coalition Step 3: Create a Vision for Change Step 4: Communication the Vision Step 5: Remove Obstacles Step 6: Create Short-Term Wins Step 7: Build on the Change Step 8: Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture UN model PROFILE OF AN EFFECTIVE MANAGER For Managerial Excellence in the United Nations Presentation his profile characterizes successful administrative execution inside the setting of the Joined Nations. It depends on the suspicion that paying little respect to their level of obligation inside the association, the characterizing normal for viable man- agers is that they accomplish comes about, and that they do as such with the full engagement of a conferred and spurred staff or group of partners. the administrative viability show The model characterizes both what a viable supervisor does, and what he/she accomplishes. It considers figures that affect adequacy, counting the outside environment in which a supervisor works, his/her individual ability, culture and experience INTERVIEW QUESTIONS What business are/where you in? How long been working in this field? How successful was/is the business? How did you help this success of the business? What do you do when people start a job? What do you think makes a good manager? How do you improve yourself as a manager? Do you have any advice for someone going into management? DREW INTERVIEW 1. He is work for MG marketings they supply vegetables and fruit around the Waikato 2. He is working in mg from last 17 years. 3. They a crossed 7 digit business last year. 4. Make sure fresh food supply to vegetables shops and supermarkets. 5. He tells us firstly Induction, how we run, how to do jobs and first start from bottom. 6. Honest true explain the jobs keep on eye every body 7. He tell us he attend courses and seminars and by using communication skills. 8. He suggest look after your staff and good communication. ANALYSIS DREW INTERVIEW WITH UN MODEL I analysis the drew interview with un model and I noticed that drew is very good to organize the whole organization and manage the staff. He also has respect for diversity because in mg there are many workers belongs to different culture and country. He is believed in teamwork and good communication. PRIVINDA INTERVIEW She is working in cafe 7 days a week. She manages the staff and supplier. She is working over there from last 15 years. She tells us very successful business from few years. To run the business she did many changes, moving on and changes according to economic condition. She tells us when new staff start the job firstly did orientation program and induction etc. She thinks that to makes a good manager inspiration, motivation and team work are important. She improves our self as a manager by look forward and always learns from mistakes. She suggest that passion for what you doing, passion to lead and good communication skill. ANALYSIS PRIVINDA INTERVIEW WITH UN MODEL I analysis the Privinda interview with UN model and I analyzed that Privinda is very good to manage the staff and supplier. She believes in team work and decision making. She makes changes according to situation and economic condition. She also believes in creativity and innovation. Comparison our self with UN model Values explanation Integrity 6 Professionalism 7 Respect for diversity 9 Emotional Competence Self-awareness 6 Self confidence 6.5 Emotional self-control 3 Conscientiousness 6 Optimism 6.5 Achievement orientation 7 Empathy 8 Discretion 7 Conceptual competence Use of concepts 6 System thinking 6.5 Pattern recognition 7 Technical / substances competence Knowledge and information 7 Knowledge and network 6 Knowledge sharing 7.5 Coaching and developing others 6.5 Continuous learning and development 7 Page 7 Managing people Communication 6.5 Team work 7 Motivation 6 Managing individual performance 7 Managing actions and change Action and change management 6 Decision making 5.5 Creativity and innovation 5 Client orientation 7 Results orientation 8 Managing across organizational boundaries Organizational awareness 6,5 Building networks and alliances 7 Influencing 6 Reflection on interview I felt excited and I saw many similarities and differences. According to my point of view managers knowledge depends upon our field and experience. I learn lot of things after these interviews like who we become a good manger and success keys. Next time I would like to add some more questions and more professionally. Comparison of Interviews Similarities: first similarity is both managers advocate the team work, honesty and humbleness. Difference: both managers have different type of experience and knowledge related to our field. I noticed that body language of both managers is different. What I would do next time? It is my first interview and I learn lots of things after these interviews. I felt that I have shortage of basic question so, In my next interview I would like to add some more questions and be professionally. CONCLUSION In this assessment I discussed and critically analysis the role of an effective manager, kotter model, UN model, drew and privinda interview and also analysis with UN model compare our self with UN model, self-reflection, compare and contrast and what I would like to do next time. I learn the lot of things that are very helpful to become a good manager. References Source: Boundless. The Role of the Manager in an Evolving Organization. Boundless Management Boundless, 31 May. 2016. Retrieved 08 Jan. 2017 Â   https://hr.un.org/sites/hr.un.org/files/Profile%20of%20an%20Effective%20Manager_0.pdf

Lift and the Physics of Flight Essay -- physics lift plane airplane

Since the beginning of recorded history, humans have always had a fascination with flight. Now that we live in a world where boarding an airplane and flying across the country – or even the world - is simply a part of everyday life, the wonder of flight has diminished for many. Despite this, physics students from all around continue to delight in the many physical forces that play a part in keeping these huge objects (like jumbo jets) from falling out of the sky! The common explanation given to those curious about how an airplane wing produces lift uses the Bernoulli Principle. This is the concept that because of the airfoil shape of a wing, the air traveling over the top of the wing must travel faster than the air going under the wing because it has to travel a farther distance. The resulting difference in pressure between the two (higher pressure under the wing) creates lift, keeping the plane in the air. This explanation is unsatisfactory in a number of ways. It does not consider or explain the important role that the angle of attack plays in flight, nor does not explain how planes can fly upside down (where according to the Bernoulli Principle, the pressure would actually be higher on the top of the wing, pushing the plane down to the ground!). For some interesting arguments and calculations refuting the Bernoulli Principle as a sound explanation for lift in an airplane, check out Gail Craig’s book â€Å"Stop Abusing Bernoulli! How Airplanes Really Fly† available from Regenerative Press (see bibliography). Although the Bernoulli Principle is used to describe many physical phenomena, it does not explain lift. Luckily for us there is a much more sound explanation for how an airplane flies! There are four main forc... ...er angle of attack helps divert more air downwards, thus creating more lift. If one imagines the air particles as bullets hitting the wing of the airplane, an increased angle of attack increases the number of air particles that will hit the bottom of the wing, thus increasing the amount of air being â€Å"scooped† and diverted downwards. However, there is a limit to this great thing we call angle of attack. Generally any angle greater than 15 degrees will cause the plane to stall. The stall happens because, as discussed earlier, the viscous property of air â€Å"wants† to follow a curve, but is limited to its level of â€Å"stickiness† to the surface of the plane. As the angle of attack increases, the air has a harder time â€Å"sticking† to the surface and eventually simply passes right over the wing without following the surface, resulting in the loss of lift (a.k.a. stall).

Educational Reforms in Bhutan

The purpose of the article is to discuss the weaknesses of Bhutan’s educational reforms focusing on how the educational system is not able prepare the youth for the world of work. The author implicitly discusses two questions. The first question pertains to how the education reforms fail to provide the youth with better knowledge, skills and values to match employers’ needs. The second question relate to how the educational system should be reformed to address the employment challenge. The author has used descriptive method designed to provide rich descriptive details of education reforms in Bhutan between 1961 and 2008.This article is targeted at policy makers, educationalists and public. While the research design involved in-depth narrative analysis, it did not use scientific inquiry into the subject, especially the empirical analysis and hypothesis testing. Rather than making some sweeping statement, the author could have supported those statements with some empirica l analysis. However, the article can serve as the first step towards more rigorous research, as it identifies important factors leading to mismatch of education and employment in the country.The author begins by discussing the overall context of the education-employment mismatch in the country. The historical development of education system was discussed explaining the low enrolment rate in the beginning (1960s), positive change in the Bhutanese people’s attitude towards western education, and now the problem of enrolment pressure. He discusses (with figures) a growing difference in the quantitative expansion of educational facilities and the sharp rise in enrolment rate.The author also discussed about the growing number of school dropouts, entering the job markets unprepared to meet the needs and expectations of the public and private employers. He contrasts the unemployment problem in general with the shortage of workforce in the agriculture sector. The author does not ment ion about field research, interviews or literature reviews based on which he tried to answer his research questions. The analysis identifies six main factors of the high youth unemployment scenario in the country.These factors are inadequate education quality, limited diversity of educational tracks, mismatch between demand and supply of the youth, youth’s preference for civil service, reluctance to enter the private sector and negative attitude towards blue collar jobs. These factors are valid, but they are not consistent with the topic and research questions, that is, education reforms in Bhutan. By discussing these factors, the article is concerned more about the overall youth unemployment rather than focusing on the aspects of education system such as curriculum, pedagogy, infrastructure, quality, etc (the title seem to point out). Educational Reforms in Bhutan The purpose of the article is to discuss the weaknesses of Bhutan’s educational reforms focusing on how the educational system is not able prepare the youth for the world of work. The author implicitly discusses two questions. The first question pertains to how the education reforms fail to provide the youth with better knowledge, skills and values to match employers’ needs. The second question relate to how the educational system should be reformed to address the employment challenge. The author has used descriptive method designed to provide rich descriptive details of education reforms in Bhutan between 1961 and 2008.This article is targeted at policy makers, educationalists and public. While the research design involved in-depth narrative analysis, it did not use scientific inquiry into the subject, especially the empirical analysis and hypothesis testing. Rather than making some sweeping statement, the author could have supported those statements with some empirica l analysis. However, the article can serve as the first step towards more rigorous research, as it identifies important factors leading to mismatch of education and employment in the country.The author begins by discussing the overall context of the education-employment mismatch in the country. The historical development of education system was discussed explaining the low enrolment rate in the beginning (1960s), positive change in the Bhutanese people’s attitude towards western education, and now the problem of enrolment pressure. He discusses (with figures) a growing difference in the quantitative expansion of educational facilities and the sharp rise in enrolment rate.The author also discussed about the growing number of school dropouts, entering the job markets unprepared to meet the needs and expectations of the public and private employers. He contrasts the unemployment problem in general with the shortage of workforce in the agriculture sector. The author does not ment ion about field research, interviews or literature reviews based on which he tried to answer his research questions. The analysis identifies six main factors of the high youth unemployment scenario in the country.These factors are inadequate education quality, limited diversity of educational tracks, mismatch between demand and supply of the youth, youth’s preference for civil service, reluctance to enter the private sector and negative attitude towards blue collar jobs. These factors are valid, but they are not consistent with the topic and research questions, that is, education reforms in Bhutan. By discussing these factors, the article is concerned more about the overall youth unemployment rather than focusing on the aspects of education system such as curriculum, pedagogy, infrastructure, quality, etc (the title seem to point out).

Ecoli essays

Ecoli essays Canada's E. Coli Epidemic Claims Fifth Victim 1:44 p.m. ET (1744 GMT) May 26, 2000 WALKERTON, Ontario (Reuters) - A fifth person died on Thursday in what may be Canada's biggest E. coli epidemic, as police and health officials were set to decide whether to launch a criminal investigation into the outbreak. Dr. Murray McQuigge, the area's chief medical officer, said the outbreak in the mainly agricultural community of Walkerton, Ontario, could have been prevented, and accused the local Public Utilities Commission (PUC) of ignoring the results of its own tests on Thursday, May 18, which he said established the town's water was unsafe. He said 10 people, including four children, remained in a critical condition, struck down by bacteria in the town's water system. An infant and three adults died from E. coli complications on Wednesday. At least 500 people have been infected in Walkerton, a town of 5,000 people about two hours drive northwest of Toronto. Dr. James Cairns, deputy chief coroner for the province of Ontario, said his department wants an inquest into the deaths. ''We are concerned about public safety,'' he said. "We want to know how the contamination occurred, how it was managed and how people died.'' It is believed the water may have been contaminated by manure washed into the system by recent heavy rains. "There may well be more people who will die. I think we could have prevented all these deaths,'' McQuigge told a news conference, adding that new cases could emerge as late as Monday as the bacteria can have an incubation period of up to 10 days before symptoms appear. McQuigge said he would meet with health and provincial police officials on Friday to try to decide where blame for deaths is to be laid. "There is probably going to be a criminal investigation,'' he said. Walkerton residents were outraged as news spread that it is possible that the tragedy could have been prevented. A local radi ...

Globalization and international joint ventures Essay Example

Globalization and international joint ventures Essay Example Globalization and international joint ventures Paper Globalization and international joint ventures Paper Globalization of businesses and companies are fast growing particularly through international joint ventures in order to take advantage of opportunities in the world market. Thus, IJVs proliferated globally. In this study, the IJVs in the oil and gas industry in Russia would be a good case to evaluate in terms of its implications to economic theories of development as well as considering the strategic importance of Russian oil and gas in the present as well as in the future of the world economy. A strategic alliance is defined as a partnership â€Å"between two or more firms which decide they can better pursue their mutual goals by combining their resources – financial, managerial, technological – as well as their existing distinctive competitive advantages† (Blanchard, 2006, p. 7-3). On the other hand, global strategic alliances involve partnerships between two or more companies located across national boundaries and increasingly across industries. Global strategic alliances may also be formed between a company and a foreign government, or among companies and governments (Blanchard, 2006). A joint venture (JV) thus is a strategic alliance between two or more companies, while an international joint venture (IJV) involves a global strategic alliance between organizations. JVs involve the creation of an independent company by the two or more parent organizations who are the parties to the business agreement. These JVs may be one of two types: Equity strategic alliances, wherein two or more partners have different relative ownership shares (equity percentages) in the new venture. For instance, in a JV involved three parent companies, one may have 50% equity, while the remaining two may have 25% equity each. : These are also called equity joint ventures. Non-equity strategic alliances, wherein agreements are carried out through contract rather than ownership sharing. These are also called contractual joint ventures. Makino and Beamish (1998) identified four distinct forms of IJVs based on the IJV partners’ nationality and equity affiliation. These four types are: 1) IJVs that are formed between affiliated home-country based firms; 2) IJVs that are formed between unaffiliated home-country based firms; 3) IJVs that are formed between home-country based and local firms; and 4) IJVs that are formed between home-country and third-country based firms. Each of these different IJV forms differ in terms of incidence, performance, and likelihood for survival (Makino Beamish, 1998). In his research presentation, Blanchard (2006) outlines the following motivations for global strategic alliances, as executed through IJVs: To avoid import barriers, licensing requirements, and other protectionist legislation. To share the costs and risks of the research and development of new products and processes. To gain access to specific markets. To reduce political risk while making inroads into a new market. To gain rapid entry into a new or consolidating industry and to take advantage of synergies. Blanchard (2006) presents four significant challenges in implementing global alliances. First, while alliances present a faster and less risky route to globalization, in a highly competitive environment however, it is extremely complex to fashion out global linkages especially where many interconnecting systems are involved. These interconnecting systems form intricate networks, and many alliances fail or end up in a takeover in which one partner swallows the other. Second, usually the form of governance chosen for multinational firm alliances greatly influences their success, particularly in technologically-intense fields such as computers, pharmaceuticals, and semiconductors. Cross-border partnerships often become a sort of â€Å"race to learn† wherein the faster learner later ends up dominating the alliance and practically rewriting its terms. In a real sense, an alliance may actually emerge as a new form of competition between the parent organizations involved (Blanchard, 2006). Third, cross-border allies often encounter difficulty in collaborating effectively, especially in competitively sensitive areas. This breeds mistrust and secrecy, which undermines the very purpose of the alliance. The difficulty that these organizations deal with is the dual nature of strategic alliances – the benefits of cooperation versus the dangers of introducing new competition through sharing their knowledge and technological skills about their mutual product or manufacturing process (Blanchard, 2006).

Public Health and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Public Health and the Law - Essay Example There are laws associated with motor vehicle safety at both the federal and state level. At the federal level, The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act that was enacted in 1966 in the United States empower the federal government to set and administer safety standards for road traffic safety and motor vehicles (Evans, 2004). This law was set up to curb the increasing number of motor vehicle crashes and the associated injuries and fatalities on the road. At the State (Florida) level, the laws associated with motor vehicle safety are: Florida Lemon Laws; Seat Belt Laws; Double Traffic Fines; Florida DMV Privacy; Clearing up a Traffic Ticket; and School Zone Speed Limits (Evans, 2004). The Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles regulates all the motor vehicles and all the laws that apply to them. These types of laws are legislative because they were enacted by the legislature or other governing bodies. As legislations, these laws main purposes include: regulatio n, sanctioning, proscribing, declaring, authorization, or restricting particular acts or events (Keller & Associates, 2010). The federal and state laws described in this paper relate greatly with the public health services. It has emerged that the motor vehicle safety are related to specific public health concerns. These concerns include: high risk populations that include Alcohol-impaired drivers who account for about 39 percent of all traffic deaths, young drivers and passengers, and pedestrians; and occupant- protection systems which are aimed at promoting motor vehicle and public health safety. Since motor vehicle safety is a public health concern, its laws relate to the public health services (Evans, 2004). These laws play fundamental role in health promotion, wellness and prevention. They ensure stricter law enforcement; create awareness on the dangers of drinking and driving. Also, they facilitate

Virtual Local Area Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Virtual Local Area Networks - Essay Example Ns, properties of LANs and broadcast domains, the advantages of using VLANs compared with older router based networks and finally discuss the situations in which VLANs are not appropriate or indispensable. Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) is a logical group of workstations, servers and network devices that share the same broadcast domain without need to be geographically located in the same area (Chowdhury and Boutaba, 2009). This means that the network administrator can logically divide the LAN into different VLANs each with its own broadcast domain instead of having one broadcast domain shared between all devices in the network. For instance, an organization with different physically separated departments can segment its network into multiple VLANs based on the departments for special purposes. Hence, only hosts that belong to the same particular VLAN can exchange data or share network resources. In addition, different VLANs can communicate only through a router which has to be connected to both of them, hence reduced congestion of traffic in the network that originates from a broadcast frame (Hartpence, 2011). Therefore, splitting a network into VLANs boost the performance, securi ty and reduce the clogging on a large LANs (Yadav et al., 2013). The enhancement of today’s Virtual LAN has been achieved through different stages. According to (Cullen, 2001) the development of LAN switches began in 1990; bridges were used as a layer 2 devices to segment networks and to solve the consumption of bandwidth used in broadcast traffic. After that, it was replace by segmenting networks at layer 3 using a number of routers between segments and a chain of hubs inside each segment to forward frames between devices (Hartpence, 2011). The problem of using hubs is that, it deals with all frames as a broadcast frame and forward incoming frames to all devices in the shared segment. Therefore, the increased number of hosts in each segment leads to increased demand of bandwidth